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Formation Of Storm When there is a center of low pressure developing with a system of high pressure surrounding it, this instability created by combination of opposing forces generates winds and result in the formation of clouds. Clouds are visible masses of condensed droplets, frozen crystals suspended in the atmosphere. Most water droplets are formed when water vapor condenses around a condensation nucleus, which is either a tiny particle of smoke, dust, ash or salt. In supersaturated conditions, water droplets may even act as condensation nuclei. Clouds are the source of rain fall, which is usually caused by the collision and wake capture process, occurring in clouds with warmer tops, in which the collision of rising and falling water droplets produces larger and larger droplets, which are eventually heavy enough to overcome air currents in the cloud and the updraft beneath it and fall as rain. As a droplet falls through the smaller droplets which surround it, it produces a "wake" which draws some of the smaller droplets into collisions, perpetuating the process. This method of raindrop production is the primary mechanism in low stratiform clouds and small cumulus clouds in trade winds and tropical regions.
Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of electricity caused by atmospheric perturbations (wind, humidity, and atmospheric pressure) or even the solar wind and accumulation of charged solar particles. It is commonly believed that Ice or dust inside a cloud is the key element in lightning development, and causes a forcible separation of positive and negative charges within the cloud, thus assisting in the formation of lightning. The discharge releases heat energy that scorches the air and further destabilizes the air pressure system. The heat energy creates powerful rising air currents that swirl upwards to the tropopause. Cool descending air currents produce strong downdraughts below, and with the volume of unstable air that generates deep, rapid, upward motion in the atmosphere, the storm formation accelerates. After the storm has spent its energy into rain fall, the rising currents die away and downdraughts break up the clouds. Man-made storm can be created by seeding the cloud with charged dust particles such as silver iodide in the clouds. The charged particles which incite the air with lightning will eventually destabilize the pressure system and produce stormy rains. The innovation process, which is very similar to formation of storm, will be described in next section. Next: Innovation Process & Relationship With Monsoon Methodology |
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